Showing posts with label The Puppet. Show all posts
Showing posts with label The Puppet. Show all posts
The Tengul Puppet (Wayang Thengul)
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Puppet Thengul is arts puppet typical of in Bojonegoro. This Puppet in the form of 3-dimensional and the accompaniment with of gamelan pelog/slendro. Although puppet thengul this is rarely perform again, but its existence remains preserved in Bojonegoro, especially in Sub Kanor, a distance of ± 40 km from City Bojonegoro. Storyline of this puppet took from warok suromenggolo stories.
Puppet Types
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puppet at Indonesian is an Indonesian-made original, which has a story, style and extraordinary puppeteer. The Puppet Types Type Indonesia, among others:
- Purwa Puppet
- Nadya Puppet
- Ge dog Puppet
- Dapura Puppet
- Puppet Revelation
- Suluh Puppet
- Kancil Puppet
- Calonarang Puppet
- Sasak Puppet
- Sadat Puppet
- Parwa Puppet
- Puppet Wooden
- Puppet Show (West Java)
- Thengul Puppet (Bojonegoro, Indonesia)
- Marionette Puppet Menak
- The Papak Puppet or Smacking Puppet
- Krucil Puppet
- Klithik Puppet
- Ajen Puppet
- Gung Puppet (South Kalimantan, Indonesia)
- Puppet Mask ( puppet people use masks in South Kalimantan, Indonesia)
The Purwa Puppet (Wayang Kulit Purwa)
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| The Puppets Purwa |
"Hanonton ringgit meanings asekel muda hidepan, huwus wruh towin jan walulang inukir molah angucap" (Some people see puppets cry, amazed, and saddened heart. Although it is understood that the visits had only the sculptured shape of the skin can move and speak). Excerpt above is the temple 59 in Kakawin Arjuna Wiwaha karya Empu Kanwa (1030), one of the oldest written sources and authenticity of the leather puppet show that became known in Java, namely during the reign of Airlangga Dharmawangsa in the Kingdom of Kediri.
Purwa shadow puppets made of buffalo skin, a carved, are colored in accordance with the rules of Puppets puppetry outward appearance, given the stem of albino buffalo horn materials are processed in such a way with names cempurit consisting of blame game and pincers.
Judging from the form of shadow puppet itself can be classified into several groups, among others:
- Puppet golden roe (Wayang Kidang Kencana) : medium-sized puppets are not too big nor too small, in accordance with the need to of mastermind (puppets for the show).
- Puppet Ageng : namely large puppets, especially members of the body in the stomach and legs than regular puppets, puppets called Puppet jujudan.
- Puppet Kapers : the puppet smaller than in the ordinary puppet. Puppet Kateb, ie the size puppets with long legs are not balanced with the body.
Puppet Suket (Wayang Suket)
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Suket (language Javanese) is equal to the grass. But the grass is usually assembled and used as a puppet is a puzzle grass, elephant grass, or mendong, reed a usually woven into mats. Of all materials, texture puppet created will be strong and have form a long.
Puppet Suket not have a standard form, like the characters in shadow puppet or of puppet show. Overview of the grass is indeed shaped like puppet, which can be played by hand. However, to distinguish one character with another very difficult. Because its shape is almost similar. Suket puppet performances are different from other puppet show.
Puppet Suket were actually children's toys are in the village. When the shepherd buffalo, cow or goat that is busy eating grass, shepherd boy tries to imitate the puppet masters who played a puppets. Then of the grass around used to be puppets model, and played like a puppeteer who is playing puppet. This is an chance or inadvertence someone make puppets Suket. The definite, this is because his parents are a farmer, who each day to the rice field.
Puppet Suket also inadvertently often played by farmers, at the time farmers are relaxed, usually Suket (grass) formed into a puppets and then played like a puppeteer. Afterwards Suket thrown away , and not show in the stage.
And Slamet Gundono is the originator of staging puppet Suket and famous enough not only in the archipelago but have been to Japan and America, even to Europe. These performances began pioneered by puppeteer Slamet Gundono 1999.
But behind the success Gundono, apparently there is a "Maestro" who was not known who actually has pioneered the manufacture of puppets Suket. Unfortunately, puppet Suket his work was never performed and only exhibited. Who is he? Mr Gepuk name.
Name Mr. Gepuk started sticking when their result exhibited at Bentara Budaya Yogyakarta Building 1 to 8 September 1995, which was organized by the Netherlands Institute of Indonesian Culture and Bentara Culture Karta Pustaka, Yogyakarta. From there popular of Suket puppet began to be taken into account in of puppet world Indonesia.
After Mr Gepuk disappear from circulation puppet world until the end of his life, suddenly re-emerged in 2007 when many artists Yogya ask Mr Gepuk existence. This was revealed when the Museum Prof.Dr. Soegarda Purbalingga Beteng Vredenberg held an exhibition in Yogyakarta. and display the works Suket puppets Mr Gepuk . Lots of questions, the impression and the response was so sympathetic, addressed to Mr. Gepuk "the Maestro is not famous."
Thus the nickname of one of the senior artists in Yogyakarta and they do not thought that Mr. Gepuk was dead. In connection with that, author was intrigued to searching information about whom Mr. Gepuk this?. Why outside Purbalingga especially in the centers of art his name so famous, but in his own Purbalingga many do not know, including the author. And finally the author found the article about Mr. Gepuk in an article published in a book Cikar Sindhunata ramshackle masterpiece and has been published by a newspaper national. This is her story:
The rice field was named rice field Mountain, located five kilometers less more from Hamlet Bantarbarang Rembang District, Purbalingga. There, The atmosphere is very quiet. In rice fields Mr Gepuk spent his days. Afternoon he hoe and cultivate his. In rickety hut there was no couch, let alone a mattress. There was only dried banana leaves (klaras). Klaras be mattress for Mr Gepuk. Now Mr Gepuk already 87 years old (now 97 years). Her body already looks old, but still strong and vigorous hoe his rice field. During the day he got a shipment of food from his daughter in like cooked rice, a packet of vegetable, tempe and tahu.
Mr Gepuk like to spend the night in his hut and rarely return to homes. At most once a week. Mr Gepuk reluctant to go home, not only because of has begun difficult to walk. But he also likes to be alone in silence since his youth. Once he lived in his hut 40 days and 40 nights without a home though.
The silence that surrounds living color of Mr Gepuk. The silence gave him strength for his steadfast cultivate his land. The silence gave him the knowledge that the style of the mini was a teacher for life. The silence was taught that beauty is everywhere, even in the grass. Therefore, in the hands of Mr Gepuk grass was can be woven into works of art puppets.
Mr Gepuk the farmers as well as artists. In his life farming and live art that is inseparable. Land, where he was hoeing and dripping with sweat, is the ground where he gained a sense of art and beauty of the material. The land that gave him corn and cassava for food and subsistence. Land was also given grass for art and reveal the beauty.
No one taught him how he was farming. As the son of farmers, the ability to farm it came by itself. Similarly circumstances "art". At that time Mr Gepuk still fifteen years old. Everyday he became a shepherd boy. grasslands is the world's Mr Gepuk. With the grass, give fed his goats. And not just a goat, human life depends on the grass. How he can live as a shepherd if in the absence of grass.
Suddenly, he felt, in the grass, natural plant that is simple, it contained life. Grass, who used only for food animals and beings trampled by human, turned out to contain deep meaning.
Besides Mr Gepuk as puppet maestro Suket, there are also figure M. Talib Prasojo known to the public, especially in East Java as one of the artists who introduced Puppet Suket. His works often coloring the world of art in various art performances opportunities. From there he, familiarly known as "The Maestro Puppet Suket East Java".
Unfortunately, Man Talib since August 4 in the morning The night is no longer accompany the Java community with his work. Bojonegoro-born artist, June 17, 1931 This should be facing the Great Creator.
Unfortunately, Man Talib since August 4 in the morning The night is no longer accompany the Java community with his work. Bojonegoro-born artist, June 17, 1931 This should be facing the Great Creator.
The Calonarang Puppet (Wayang Kulit Calonarang)
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| The Calonarang Puppet |
Puppet Calonarang also often referred to as the Puppet Leyak, is one of Bali's shadow puppets are considered to be haunted because in the show reveal the values of many magical and secret pangiwa and panengen. This is basically a puppet Calonarang show specializing the story of Calonarang. As an art form art of puppetry are staged as entertainment, puppet Calonarang still stick to the pattern and structure of the staging of a traditional Balinese shadow puppets (Puppet parwa).
The show of Calonarang leather puppet involving about 12 people consisting of players :
- 1 person Puppeteer
- 2 people assistant puppeteer
- 9 people percussion
Among the usual stories in bring of a Calonarang puppet performances are :
- Story Katundung Ratnamangali
- Story Bahula Duta
- Story Pangesengan Beringin
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| (Calonarang puppet show lies in its sisiya dance with technique ngalinting game) |
Typical Calonarang puppet show lies in its sisiya dance with technique ngalinting game, and scene invited in which the mastermind disclose or mention the names of those who practicing of pangiwa. Until now the puppet Calonarang still exist in some districts in Bali, although its popularity is still under Parwa puppet.
The Papak Puppet or Smacking Puppet (Wayang Papak/WayangCepak)
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Puppet smacking in Cirebon began when a Elang Maganggong, son of Ki Gendeng Slingsingan from the area Talaga, studied Islamic religion to Suta Jaya Kemit, A Upas (if now, equal to the Security Unit ), a clever who to be mastermind. Elang Maganggong later lowered his knowledge to Singgih and descendants Singgih located in the village of Resources, District Babakan. That's why puppet smacking spread to several areas the East Cirebon, like Waled, Ciledug, Losari and Coral Sembung, and Cirebon West section that includes local Kapetakan and Arjawinangun.
These puppet are made of wood, a the edges are not tapered (Cepak in Sundanese / Papak in Javanese). That is why it is called a Cepak puppet or Puppet Papak. Judging from its shape, the puppet Cepak is estimated the development of puppet Leather, puppet show or Menak puppet, in centered of Cirebon. Puppet smacking usually bring the story Menak, Panji, the stories chronicle, legend and myth. However, in the Cirebon area alone, smacking puppet more telling chronicle of Cirebon, also chronicle Mecca and Pamanukan delivered with the Java language Cirebon.
But the puppet show today smacking Cirebon less get acclaim. The show is limited to traditional ceremonies such as Ngunjung Buyut (nadran, pilgrimage), The show is limited to traditional ceremonies such as Ngunjung Buyut (Tradition Ceremony Nadran, pilgrimage), Ceremony Kaul (vows) and ruwatan ( is perform the rite of initiation, which is distanced from distress). And people who at ruwat is usually in the form: Wunggal (only child), Nanggung Bugang (a sister whose brother passed away) or suramba (four sons), surambi (four daughters), pandawa (five sons), pandawi (five daughters) , Talaga kausak (flanked by a son, two daughters), and so forth.
Waditra that accompany puppet barreled pelog smacking at first, but as to adjust the situation and condition, waditra used given barreled salendro. Waditra includes xylophone, gender, flute, saron I, saron II, bonang, drums, jenglong, and percussion. While some songs that accompany the puppet show crew cut, among them Bayeman, Gonjing, Lompong Kali, Gagalan, Kiser Kedongdong and others.
Puppet Show (Wayang Golek)
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Puppet show formerly is used by the trustee to spread Islam in the Land of Pasundan. Because Hinduism is familiar enough in Sundanese society at that time, the story of the Mahabharata and Ramayana Hindu Land modified to teach the Islamic Tawhid. For example, in the Mahabharata story of the gods had the power that is absolute, as a determinant of fate and destiny that can not be denied, so the trustees make a new object whose position is stronger is through the figure of Semar, Semar that ultimately it came down to earth, who because of his guilt-for accompany each event in Bharata Yuddha round either as mediator or as an executor of characters that can not be invited into the goodness.
Marionette Puppets is a puppets made of wood Albasiah or wood Lame, it also includes a puppets of the most popular in Indonesia. As for the types of puppet show, puppet show Cepak/Papak, Purwa puppet show, and puppet show modern. Who has a story, based on the source of the story of Ramayana and Mahabharata by using sundanese language, to the accompaniment of sinden singers , Sundanese gamelan (salendro), which consists of two saron, a Pekinese, a selentem, one boning device, one device rincik boning, one device kenong, a pair of gongs (kempul and gong), plus a set of kendang (a kendang Goon and three kulanter), gambang and rebab.
One of the functions in society is ngaruat puppet, that is clear from the accident (distress). Among them is:
- Wunggal (only child);
- Nanggung Bugang (a sister whose brother passed away);
- Suramba (four men);
- Surambi (four women);
- Pandavas (five sons);
- Pandawi (five daughters);
- Talaga Kausak Date (a sons of the two daughters or more);
- Ocean hapit Sindang (a daughter of the two sons or more), and so forth.
Puppet show, now more dominant as the folk performing arts, which have functions that are relevant to the needs of society and environment, both spiritual and material needs. This way we can see from some of the activities in the community such as when there is celebration, a good celebration (feast feast) in the context of circumcision, marriage and others sometimes accompanied by a puppet show performances.
Puppet Mask (Wayang Topeng)
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It's amazing cultural richness in of the archipelago. For example arts of puppet, for one region can be so diverse. In Java alone, puppet consists of shadow play, puppet suket, puppet people, puppet klithik, and there are also a called puppet mask.
Art puppet mask is no different of the performing arts puppet people. The difference only is, all players wear a mask. As for his story namely, Panji story, the Ramayana and Mahabharata story.
The story of Ramayana and Mahabharata story are originating from India. But more than a hundred years ago, when it started to go to Southeast Asia, until finally the land of Java, the story of Ramayana and Mahabharata have an adjustment to the culture of Indonesia, especially Java. Even in the latest developments, when Islam entered the land of Java, the art of puppet was adapted so that the Hindu epic that breathes into an epic that breathes Islam.
One example of the inclusion of Islamic teachings through the art of puppet on puppet story "The weapon powerful of the five knight Pandawa" called "Jamus Kalimasada", which is used in the spread of Islam. The puppeteer then said that what is meant Kalimasada is the sentence creed.
Type of puppet art on this one, thrives in the land of Java. Even initially played at the palatial palace of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The players of the beginning are the servants of the palace. But in its development, the art of puppet mask out of the palace and played Javanese society.
Despite growing popularity of puppet masks faded, in some areas, this art still thrives, especially in East Java, more specifically in Malang and surrounding areas. Puppet mask played the night until dawn. Puppet mask often in performances by the people who are have of ceremony, such ceremonial marriage, circumcision, and others. As a spectacle, of course held in the open field on the stage, and freely enjoyed by society. Besides entertaining, also free.
But after the presence of television, folk art performances, including mask puppet began marginalized. Even to the present puppet mask art still survive, nothing more because of government assistance in this department of culture, tradition, or culture of the community activists who have a high concern on the sustainability of puppet art masks.
In the hands of government, the art of mask puppet are often packaged in a ceremonial stage in the activities of government, or in cultural missions abroad.
The Parwa Puppet (Wayang Parwa)
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Parwa Puppet is one of the most popular leather puppets in Bali. sourced from the Mahabharata epic story which is also known as Dasa Parwa Astha. Parwa Puppet staged at night, using kelir and lamp blencong, accompanied by Gamelan Gender Puppet. Parwa Puppet staged in conjunction with various types of religious ceremonies and even in the showing an entertainment that is secular. Puppet Parwa can also take the story of Bharata Yudha or other parts of the Mahabharata story. Therefore, the number of Parwa puppet is the most widely.
Among the stories which are commonly used in the puppet parwa show is the stories of Bharatayudha war, is a story about the death of Bhishma, Drona The death, death of Abhimanyu, death of Karna, and the death of death of Salya Jayadratha.
While The stories famous before Bharatayudha example Contests Goddess Amba, Pandavas Kauravas Aguru, Pandavas Kauravas Gambling, Contests Drupadi, Birth Gatotkaca, Aswameda Yadnya, Kishna Duta and Death of Supala.
Puppet Parwa usually backed by about 7 people consisting of 1 a puppeteer, 2 assistant puppeteer and 4 gender people (who play a pair and a pair pemade kantilan). duration is longer than the weak Puppet ie ranging from 3 to 4 hours.
In the development of puppets now have evolved from a tradition even shift into new creations.Puppet Nardayana or known as Wayang Cenk Blonk Belayu, is one of the innovative puppet performances of the most anticipated in the land of Bali over the last decade that adopting such a shift that. Some forms, such as bale Bali, trees, animals and even rocks did not escape the creations of the puppeteer. Similarly, the addition of puppet characters Cenk and Blonk introduce characters who often appear some time before the performance ended. Several stories have circulated that impressed even take the title at random or weird, like Diah Ratna Takeshi, Katundung Ngada, Suryawati Ilang, Sugar Cane or Lata Mahosadhi Sala.
The Suluh Puppet (Wayang Kulit Suluh)
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| The Suluh Puppet |
Puppet Suluh made of buffalo or cow leather, while figures of shown in the facial features. This Puppets also depict men and women who wear modern clothes everyday, a character described in show puppet Suluh usually tells the events that occurred during the Indonesian nationalist movement, story of the struggle for independence, folklore until the household.
The characters also such as: Bung Karno, Bung Hatta, Bung Tomo, Syahrir, and General Sudirman.
Puppeteer
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| (Puppeteer on of puppet show. - Puppeteer on shadow puppets) |
- Puppeteer in the puppet world is defined as someone who has special expertise play puppets.
- Puppeteer is a mean word comes from the word Dahyang, which means the interpreter healing various diseases.
- Puppeteer in "Jarwo dhosok" is also defined as "ngudal piwulang" (revealed knowledge), to give enlightenment to the audience.
- Puppeteer is a director, scriptwriter, a narrator, a character player, composer accompaniment, a "singer", stylists performances, dancers and others.
These skills are usually obtained from the talent down - generations of ancestors. A child Puppeteer will be able to mastermind without formal learning. He will follow his father, at the same time of the mastermind with bringing equipment, sets the stage, set up puppet (nyimping), became pengrawit, or sit behind his father to help prepare the puppet to be played. During follow his father "the mastermind" in a long time-from small to teens-this learning process that happens very naturally, ad will be able to be mastermind after big later. But many a child too would not be a puppeteer in days to come, because they have their own life choices, for example, by profession a civil servant, private, military and so forth.
Beber Puppet (Wayang Beber)
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| Show Of Beber Puppet at the year 1900 |
Beber Puppets a arts traditional performing that can be categorized as less popular and the public are very limited. In general, puppet beber including types of traditional performing arts are phenomenal. First, the type of puppet, including cultural heritage that has old age, because of this is cultural heritage a relic of the Majapahit Kingdom. Second, the type of puppet is only found in mountainous areas of central and southern part of Java, especially in Gunungkidul (DI Yogyakarta) and Pacitan (East Java).
A similar fate experienced by arts dhalang Jemblung (Banyumas, Central Java) and Kentrung (Blora, Central Java). This rare performance art rarely staged and less popular. Practitioners of the art is capable of playing or his performances very limited, the public who of his appreciation it is also relatively limited.
Condition puppet beber, kentrung and dhalang jemblung, is in stark contrast when compared to other traditional arts such as Purwa puppet, Ketoprak, and Ludruk. During this time, Beber puppet only in review of literature reviewed of puppet. One is, the work of Javanese culture RM Sayid from Surakarta, a slim book published in the 1980s and only prints of stencil .
At Karangmojo, Gunungkidul and in Pacitan East Java, Beber puppet existence is still considered hieratic objects. When would start, a series of ceremonies should be held, with all offerings and ubarampe. In order to keep its preservation, all the kind of puppet had to be 'cleaned' and treated with accompanying ceremonial according to tradition. Unfortunately, This today many people are not interested in it again demonstrates this puppets. Though, types of these puppets including the cultural heirloom and including the hieratic.
Unlike the Purwa puppet whose story comes from the epic Mahabharata and Ramayana, Beber puppet only unfurl Panji stories . Therefore, sometimes this type is also called puppet beber gedhog. That kind of puppet that the story originated from the Panji stories, and be in the form of, puppet show (Wayang Golek), puppet from leather and wooden puppets.
In Javanese literature, Panji stories including the type of stories that were born and flourished in the era of Javanese literature, namely Javanese literary works created during the Majapahit era. Type this story not only in Java, Madura, Bali and Lombok, but also until the Malay region (Palembang, Jambi and Riau), even to the Malay Peninsula (Malaysia).
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| Show Of Beber Puppet at the Modern era |
HISTORY birth of puppet Beber can not be separated from the presence of the kingdom of Majapahit. It's type was first recognized at the time of Majapahit, precisely when the kingdom on Majapahit has been led by Raden Jaka Trowulan Susuruh. The title is King Bratana . This is indicated by candrasengkala a puppet-making Beber at the time, namely gunaning bhujangga sembahing gods, which indicates the year of Saka 1283 (1361 AD).
At the time, puppet beber taking the story of puppet Purwa. Form of puppet beber purwa has been like found this time, namely painted on paper. When his performances, held describe of puppet at paper (Java: dibeber), and when finished rolled back for storage.
At the time of Majapahit, beber puppet purwa within the palace has used gamelan accompaniment. While puppet beber outside the palace, precisely in the neighborhood ordinary people, only the accompaniment of Rebab (stringed instrument of Javanese). In the neighborhood Kraton, wayang beber held within the framework of special events, such as the king's birthday, marriage sons and daughters of kings and so forth. While in the midst of common people, performances of puppet beber of that held for tradition ceremonies purposes, such as Ruwatan.
When the King of Majapahit in command Prabu Brawijaya, precisely in 1378, the form of wayang beber experienced improvement. Brawijaya, including the king who has great attention to puppet beber. He ordered one of her children who have the ability to paint, namely Raden Sungging Prabangkara, to improve the appearance of wayang beber. Painting puppet which was originally only black and white, by Sungging Prabangkara made into color, so the appearance of puppet beber become more lively and interesting. Process perfecting of the Puppet beber this occurred in 1378 AD.
Puppet beber who took the Panji stories new appear on the estimated time of Mataram (Islam), precisely in the reign of Kasunanan Kartasura. At that time the king who ruled the Amangkurat II (1677-1703). It was also mentioned in one song Kinanthi that is on Fibre Centhini.
Puppet beber in Mataram era Kartasura made from of the local paper, the paper Java from Ponorogo. The story, among others, Jake Kembang Kuning, one of episode Panji stories. Later in the reign of Amangkurat III or Sunan Mas, done perfecting again to painting puppet beber. His face and clothes worn major characters, such as Panji Asmarabangun and Goddess Candrakirana, adapted to the appearance of Arjuna and a beautiful female figure as the puppet figures purwa.
Next, on the era of government Sunan Pakubuwono II painting wayang beber changed again, especially on the illustration figure behind the appearance. Illustrations are reduced and simplified, so the appearance of wayang beber be more classic and uncomplicated. The character of became visible prominently. love story Panji Asmarabangun , by Pakubuwono II made into a story Remeng Mangunjaya.
The Dupara Puppet (Wayang Dupara)
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| The Dupara Puppet |
Many people who do not know the whereabouts Puppet Dupara. That's because the puppet was less in the publication in the community.Therefore, many people who do not know about Dupara puppets compared with Puppet Purwa a more commonly known by the public, according to a prepared sahibulhikayat S. Haryanto in Pratiwimba Adhiluhung (1988), was created specifically to tell the saga since Javanese kingdoms of Majapahit, Demak, Display, Mataram, until Kartasura. Who create, is RM Danuatmadja, a nobleman of Surakarta.
The form of Puppet Dupara is simple, inlay and sunggingan simple. His clothes were "Ndupara" aka strange, because even if that is told is the chronicle of Mataram, but the clothes that are used most still refer to prototype and Gedog puppet. For example: the figure of Sultan Agung, Sultan Hadiwijaya and other kings, still wearing the crown, and some even wear Praba. However, all the characters wear the same subordinates, like the puppet Gedhog jangkahan Daeng, but batik and bearing the dagger. For the Dutch figures, wearing military-style outfit complete Europe, with a face like a Giant or Dasamuka. There are even some leaders who, though dressed in the Netherlands, but crowned a la Dasamuka. Sunan figures wear long dresses, the prince wearing skull cap, similar portrayed Queen of South Heroine crowned, while the knights wore a wide headband a way, also wearing Irah irahan Tekes like puppet Gedhog and Klitik, but dressed.
Puppet Dupara is staged to the accompaniment of gamelan tunings pelog. But the puppets is not sustainable, because the trigger time of the fight erupted, and after the death of X Pakubuwana gradually puppets life increasingly fading, over time the kingdom of Surakarta which continues to retreat. Puppet-puppet is now stored in museums Radyapustaka, and now in the process of identification and disclosure of return.
The Sasak Puppet (Wayang Sasak)
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The Sasak puppet brought from Java by Raden Sangupati who come to Lombok in the XVI century as part of the Islamic proselytism at the time.
Previously, in Lombok stricken drought as long as 7th year. Then sent out a royal courtier Pejanggi to Mount Rinjani to ask for rain. It turned out that in the mountain was the courtier met with R. Sangupati. Then in the meeting, an courtier, order to shows puppet in the area Rambang, Selong. And tickets to watch are read two sentences Syahadat and to do wudhlu (The way convert to Islam).
Jayengrana itself comes from the Medayin kingdom, led by the king named Prabu Nusirwan. This kingdom has two Patih named Betaljemur a good character and Patih Bestak who behave evil. Unfortunately, precisely Nusirwan always follow the advice of Bestak.
But thanks to the intelligence and courage Jayengrono, all traps are installed by Patih Bestak for Panglima dead on the battlefield. But otherwise, the victory won by Panglima. After Jayengrono conquer 44 countries, King Nusirwan took Jayengrana as a daughter. That glimpse of the history of Sasak puppet.
Sasak puppet is divided into several scenes :
- The scene 1 called Pengaksama (opener), the contents of apology to the audience if the mastermind and his retinue mendalang make mistakes,
- Scene 2 is called tidings. In this scene, the puppeteer tells the story of the universe before there and there is only the Creator,
- Scene 3, Speech. The mastermind tell stories that will at bring,
- Scene IV called Lelampan (the road story),
- Scene V, Bejanggeran (cover and conclusion).
The Puppet
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Indonesia is a country that has a variety of cultures, one of which is a puppet. Puppet is the creation of the influence of Hindu culture in Indonesia.Puppet in Indonesia has many kinds of Puppet, and have a puppet figures and story in accordance with the influence of Hindu cultural influences of that era. and always accompanied by Music "Gamelan".
Puppet is the Indonesian traditional arts are mainly developed in Java and Bali. Puppet show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as an amazing work culture in the field of narrative story and legacy of the beautiful and very valuable (Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity).
Puppet known since prehistoric times which is about 1500 years before Christ. Indonesian people embrace animistic belief in the form of ancestor worship of spirits called or dahyang hyang, manifested in the form of statues or pictures
Puppet play is the story which is the depiction of nature and human character in the World. Because the depictions (stories) that reflect the nature - human nature and character of the typical. Yet it was all a false (shadow), not the actual or real events.
Understanding Puppet
- Viewed from the standpoint of terminology there are several opinions about the origin of the word puppet.
- Java Language (Java, Indonesia) : The word Puppet means Puppet.
- In Indonesian Dictionary : The shadows, vaguely, unclear, who played Mr. Puppeteer is an image carved from animal skin, symbolizing nature-human nature.
- Aceh Language and Bugis Language (Aceh and Bugis, Indonesia) : Puppet means shadow
- According to Prof. Kern: shadows, dimly lit. Puppet of the origin of the word WOD and Yang. Roughly it means that repetitive movements, not fixed. It can be concluded that the puppet meaning shadow that rocked, back and forth (repeatedly) or pacing is not fixed into place.
- In Dictionary of Sundanese puppet is mentioned that the human-shaped dolls made from leather or wood, and more stressed again the same understanding of puppet like games doll.
- In a broad sense meaning of drawings may contain puppets, puppets made of human imitation leather, cardboard, zinc, perhaps the glass-fiber (fiber-glass), or other Dwimatra material, and the wood flat and three-dimensional spherical piston.
Dance Drama Gambuh in Puppet Gambuh
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Puppet gambuh is one type of rare Balinese puppets, basically a show in a shadow play, on malat stories, like a stories puppet panji that exist in Java.
Why it is called puppets gambuh?
Puppet gambuh comes from two words namely puppets and gambuh. Gambuh is one of a kind art dance drama of Bali is considered the highest quality and is a classical dance drama of Bali's most rich in dance movements that are considered as the source of all types of classical dance of Bali. Which is estimated there are about to XV century that his play is based on the Panji stories. Gambuh form of total theater because in it there is interwoven elements of singing, drama & dance, visual arts, literary arts, and others. Usually the shown in the ceremonies Yadnya Gods such as Odalan ,ceremonies Manusa Yadnya such as marriage noble family, the ceremony Yadnya Pitra (Ngaben) and others. Accompanied by gamelan Penggambuhan who barreled pelog Saih Pitu, consisting of :
- 2-6 pieces of bamboo flute long 1 meter and wearing six-hole tone
- 1-2 pieces Rebab
- 1 pieces Kempur
- 2 pieces small Kendang (male female)
- 1 set Ricik
- 1 pair Kangsi
- 1 pieces Gentorag
The characters are usually displayed is, Condong, Kakan-kakan, Princess, Arya / Kadean-kadean, Panji (Patih Sweet), Prabangsa (Patih Loud), Demang, Tumenggung, Turas, Panasar and Prabu (King). In playing these of figures all the dancers in dialogue, generally Kawi language, except for figures Turas, and Condong speaking Panasar Bali, both fine, medium and coarse. Gambuh are still active until now found in village, Batuan (Gianyar), Padang Aji and Budakeling (Karangasem), Tumbak Bayuh (Badung), Pedungan (Denpasar), Apit Yeh (Tabanan), Anturan dan Naga Sepeha (Buleleng).
Then it can be concluded, arts puppets gambuh is a performing arts gambuh dance drama that uses shadow puppets as its media, and a figures a shown taken from the figures the dance drama gambuh as well as gamelan accompaniment and shape public utterances.
Puppet Potehi (Wayang Potehi)
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Puppet potehi comes from district Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. Puppet Potehi comes from two words, namely, Puppet and Potehi. Potehi itself comes from the word poo (cloth), tay (bag) and Hie (puppet). There are two stories that unravel the history of puppet potehi born into the world. It is estimated that this type of this art was already there during the Dynasty Jin in the 3-5 century AD and developed in the Dynasty Song.
The first story, according to legend, the art of puppet was discovered by a convict in prison. Five people were sentenced to death. Four people were immediately saddened, but the fifth convict had the bright idea. From on the sorrow waiting to die, better amuse themselves. So, five people are taking tools that exist in the cell such as pots and dishes as a accompaniment, and started game their puppet. Then, the nice voice that comes out the resulting from of accompaniment be heard by the emperor, who finally gave forgiveness.
The second story, a student named Liang Ping Lin. He was frustrated because of the continued failure to follow test work in the Ming Dynasty, 17th century. Then, he tried to play a patchwork fabrics into a puppet. It was all done according to the instructions of a grandfather whom he met in a dream. Since then, he began to explore the world of puppet potehi.
Basically, the puppet Potehi is a puppets offerings to the gods. And usually played in the yard Klenteng. The play of story is taken from an ancient legend. The title story can spend up time until three months.
How Potehi puppet art is known in Indonesia?
"The chinese people actually have existed since Indonesia ancestors," said the writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer during his lifetime. "They are there in Indonesia, who live and die in Indonesia as well. However, because a veil of politics, has suddenly become a familiar, but not foreign and it does not mean progenitor in Indonesia".
Around the 17th century, immigrants from the plains of China's entry to region the Netherlands East Indies. And introduce Chinese culture such as the Barongsai, Liong, and a puppets Potehi (or there is also a mention of puppet Thiti).
For Wie San Tao, a Chinese descent who live in different generations with his ancestors, felt the need to scour the culture trail. Namely, by becoming a puppet group personnel potehi "Uh Fu An". Arts group based in Hong San Kiong Shrine, Jombang, East Java, Indonesia.
Not only Wie Tao San. Blood art puppetry of puppet potehi but also flowed in figure of Tok Hoy Lay, Chairman of Tri Dharma Foundation Places of Worship Hong San Kiong. Art blood oozing from his father and grandfather who also puppeteer a puppet potehi. To maintain the value of Chinese culture, Hok Lay did not choose a role as a mastermind. He would rather be behind the screen with a supports of group survival potehi puppet.
Beginning of the 19th century was a period where in Indonesia began to there are descendants mix china, called "Tionghoa Totok" or a familiar called "Hoakiao". And there are also descendants of the original Chinese is called "Chinese" aka "Kiauseng". But they mingle without separated by a cubit.
But puppet potehi entering another round in 1959. At that time, the prohibition against the Chinese people who came to trade in the countryside. Feelings of fear and the dark clouds were covering their day. Inevitably, a situation that makes some of them decided to return to the Chinese mainland. And at that time, gave birth to the term indigenous and non-indigenous.
The condition was aggravated by the emergence of a presidential instruction that limits the movement of Chinese culture in 1967. When the Suharto regime. In fact, Chinese citizens to worship only, must to sneak.
More than 30 years the roots of the tradition of Chinese culture in Indonesia suspended animation. Potehi puppet group "Uh Fu An" led Tok Hok Lay did not want to bad situation, eliminate ancestral traditions. For the sake of it all, the direct heir a arts of Potehi puppets, to recruit of a number puppeteer Potehi of that the person Javanese and the Muslim.
But at the time the presidency changed, by KH. Abdurrahman Wahid, and democratic reforms were running. so, no longer distinguishing, ethnicity, religion, culture, even though descent. So everyone can get their rights.
So the puppets Potehi art is original art china, but flourished in China and Indonesia.
With World Cultures will to be one, with the culture all can be entertained, with the culture a knowledge will to be a broad.
BUT DO NOT ADMIT THE CULTURE OTHERS COUNTRIES !!!
The Madya Puppet (Wayang Kulit Madya)
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| Puppets Madya |
The Puppets Madya is created by K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunegara IV in Surakarta in the year 1870 - 1873 AD, because he was interested in the contents of library books written by R. King Associate Ng. Ranggawarsita. Mangku-state IV wished to create a new character to bring the contents of the story and after so, called Puppet Madya. With the advent of puppets Madya that then there is liaison between the puppets Purwa with puppets Gedog (using a cloth Rapekan and using Keris), after it began to associate puppet performed, from Parikesit Grogol until the death of King Daneswara in Mendang Ka-mulyan. Thus there is a chain to link the myth of the kings of Java with the heroes in the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Next Mangkunegara IV in 1880 to row story Madya, in the form puppets Balungan and accompanied Gending for accompaniment. The story include: Babad Mamenang, Pelem Ciptarasa, Narayana Wahya, Kijing Nirmala, Haji Darma, Mayangkara, Singawulung, Merusupadma, Kitiran Mancawarna, Narasingamurti and etc.
After the government Paku Buwana X (1893-1939) held several changes in the Puppet Madya. Striking changes include character panakawan originally paired as: Jumput and Cleput, Bados and Badagos, Capa and Capi, Dudul and Dulit, Cabaya and Satuna, all rightist panakawan. So since Paku Buwana X, panakawan referred to above was replaced with Puppet panakawan Purwa namely: Semar, Gareng and Petruk.
While the left panakawan originally named Wrekangsa and Wrekasa, replaced with Togog and Bilung. Similarly with accompaniment gamelan pelog replaced with Geding-geding puppets Purwa who played in the barrel pelog like gising Karawitan, Titipati, Kedhaton Bentar, which barreled Gandakusuma pelog.
The Kancil Puppet (Wayang Kulit Kancil)
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| The Kancil Puppet |
The Kancil puppet is a one the many kinds of art performances of popular shadow play in Java. This puppet takes its name from the main character in it, Kancil. The Kancil Puppet first created by Sunan Giri, one of the nine guardians in the 15th century to spread Islam in Java.
In 1925, a Chinese offspring named Bo Liem, tried to popularize back puppet Kancil. Whose story is taken from the Book of Fiber Kancil Kridamartana Raden Panji Natarata. But the puppet is still not too popular like puppet Purwa. So in subsequent centuries puppet Kancil lost its popularity.
But at the years 70's, Ki Ledjar Soebroto, a puppet artist, tries to make figures of animals. And in 1980, Ki Ledjar puppet play for the first time for the public, especially children. That first year puppet Kancil find its audience again. Even in its development, many teachers in England, Germany, America, Holland, without exception, in Indonesia, which adopted it as an educational learning media for children.
In 2003, Ki Ledjar Soebroto set up a art galleries of Kancil puppet, namely as an institution / association / non-profit organizations engaged in conservation efforts, development of good Kancil puppet art as a form of entertainment as well as in its function as a creative educational media for children children. That have a Vision, Mission, and Goals as follows :
- VISION Kancil puppet art can be an educational entertainment media, creative and popular for young people in particular children everywhere are good for public interests as well as in matters concerning the environment.
- MISSION To encourage young people especially children to do of art puppet Kancil appreciation as one of the world humanities.
- PURPOSE encourage young people especially children to :
- Has a great interest in the art of puppet Kancil,
- To do of exploration of the variety and value that exist in the art of puppet Kancil,
- Express ideas, ideas, creativity, interest in art through puppet Kancil.
Puppet Gung (Wayang Gung)
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| Photo Events Performance, Arts of Puppet Gung in Kalimantan. |
Puppet Gung is a kind the performing arts of puppet people. The show was picked up the story from the Ramayana version Banjar grip. Puppet is played with vocal processing and added basic of dance players. Not only that, players accompanied by gamelan music, and dramatic elements of dance to the accompaniment kating additional sound like a "Ketopong" that makes it more distinctive. The players makeup as appropriate figure in the story of Ramayana.
According to experts, puppet Gung Banjar, Zulfansyah Bondan, this art in the era of 1960 - the 1970 gets good response from the younger generation at the time, but in the last three decades to around 2000s this art into decline and was almost extinct. Nearly extinct? Yes, said nearly extinct because of this art has rarely played. One of the oldest arts in South Kalimantan is now just waiting for extinction just because players groups are this art, is not much more.
First, art is often played during traditional events and social activities such as performing arts Mawlid Prophet, saprah charity, vows celebration the rice harvest. But now already rarely played. Luckily there is one art studio which still exist despite insidential play this art. Bastari Ading art studio, Barikin (HST), which led AW Syarbaini is what makes this art still survive, even in conditions that are not possible.
Puppet gong is played all night, as well as banjo shadow puppet . Each story or characters is usually accompanied by "tembang" (singing) by sinden. Now order not to be left by the audience, the game is shortened to about 3-4 hours. In Puppet Gung, about 10 people who play traditional musical instruments, which consist of baboons, large and small gongs, big and small Sarun, kenong and five tools.
At the start the show, first performed "Mamucukani", the three masterminds of opening performances to convey what the story will be played. The withdrawal such as soap operas on television, from the major players to supporting players delivered in advance to the audience.
Currently only an art that plays Ading Bastari puppet artistry of this gung, because now there is almost no other art galleries anymore that play is one of the oldest arts. If anything, only done by "bon". This means that the players drawn from various regional arts groups with cabutan system. For example, taking players from Hulu district of South River, Upper Middle River, Upper North River and District Tapin.
Seeing the alarming situation like this, there should be an effort to preserve this culture.
In the short term, could by doing a systematic education and training of young generation with prominent speakers that still exist today. Creating art development project as an advanced program of education and also create a special container in the form of art hall in each town or district in South Kalimantan.
In the long run can be done by designing new packaging art exhibition of puppet gong in this case can be done by growing and developing of a puppet gung training for children and adolescents.
Well now fate local arts there are in the hands of our of young people. Does art enthusiasts will lose and disappear from the surface, or the arts will come back victorious with early prevention.
Cultural large are reflect of, civilization of large society too.
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